The word robot was created in 1921 when a Czech writer invented it. In the Czech language, "Robot" comes from the word "boot" meaning compulsory labor.
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with design, construction, operation, and application of robots.
Programming is to provide a computer or other machine with coded instructions for the automatic performance of a particular task
The History of Robots:
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| Water Clock |
- Although Aristotle is an idiot, in 322 B.C., he said that, "If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it... then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords.”
- 200 B.C., a Greek inventor and physicist designed a water clock that had movable figures that was able to tell time by the force of the water passing through it at a constant rate.
- 1495: Leonardo da Vinci drew up plans for a humanoid robot
- 1700-1900: a great deal of automatons were created during this time
The Duck Automata - 1738: Jacques de Vaucanson begins building a set of three automata. The first was a flute payer who could play twelve songs. The second on was able to play a flute and a drum. His third automata was his most famous. It was "The Duck". It was an attempt in modeling human or animal anatomy with mechanics
- 1770: Swiss clock masters and inventors invented the wristwatch
- 1802: Joseph Jacquard builds an automated loom which is controlled with punched cards. Later on, punched cards are used as an input method for some of the 20th centuries
earliest computers
Remote Controlled Robot Boat - 1898: Nikola Tesla creates a remote controlled robot boat
- 1913: Henry Ford installs the world's first moving conveyor belt based assembly line
- 1926: first robot to be projected in a film
- 1932: The first actual robot was constructed and produced in Japan. The "Lilliput" was a windup toy that walked. Its total height was 15 centimeters
- 1936: Alan Turing introduces the concept of a theoretical computer called the Turing Machine.
In 1937, he releases his paper on Computable Numbers. This begins the computer revolution
Alan Turing - 1940: Isaac Asimov writes a series of short stories which he describes the Three Laws of Robotics
- A robot many not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm
- A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law
- A robot must protect it own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with he First or Second Law
- Later on, he added the "Zeroth Law" which states that a robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm
- 1950: Alan Turing propses a test to deterimne if a machine turly has the power to think for itself. This test became known as the "Turing Test." In order to pass the test, a robot or machine must be able ti indistinguishable from a human during conversation
- 1954: George Devol and Joe Engleberger design the first programmable robot arm. Later, this becoems the first industrial robot used for completing dangerous and receptive tasks on an assembly line.
- 1956: Alan Newell and Herbert Simon create the Logic Theorist. This was a system that was used to help solve difficult math problems
- 1957: The Soviet Union launches "Sputnik", into space. This was the first artificial orbiting satellite. By doing this, it marked the beginning of the space race
Launched by the Soviet Union - 1961: Heinrich Ernst develops the MH-1, a mechanical computer operate by a mechanical hand at MIT
- 1964: The IBM360 becomes the first computer to be mass produced
- 1966: Stanford Research Intestate creates Shakey, the first mobile robot to know and react to its own actions
- 1967: Richard Greenblatt writes a program that plays chess. This program becomes the foundation for many future chess programs
- 1969: Victor Scheinman creates the Stanford Arm. This arm's design is still influencing the design in robots today
- 1969: The U.S. uses the latest competing, robot, and save technology to successfully land Neil Armstrong on the moon
- 1974: Victor Scheinman starts marketing he Silver Arm which is capable of assembling small parts together with the use of touch sensors
- 1976: in Japan, Shigep Hirose designs the Soft Gripper which is designed to wrap around an object in a snake like fashion
- 1977: The first Star Wars movie is released. This move features robots such as R2-D2 an C-3P0
- 1977: Deep space explores Voyagers 1 and 2 are launched from Kennedy Space Center
- 1981: Takeo Kanade builds a Direct Dive Arm. There are motors installed directly in the joints of the arm allowing for it to become faster and much more accurate
- 1986: The first LEGO product comes to the market
- 1986: Honda begins a robot research program. It starts with the statement that "the robot should coexist and cooperate with human beings, by doing what a person cannot do and by cultivating a new dimension in mobility to ultimately benefit society"
CyberKnife - 1989: the first walking robot, Genghis, is unveiled at MIT
- 1992: Marc Thorpe attempts to build a radio controlled vacuum cleaner. He also has the idea of starting a robot combat event.
- 1992: Dr. John Adler comes up with the concept of the CyberKnife which is a robot that that screens and delivers a pre-planned dose of radiation to the tumor of a patient when found
- 1993: Dante, an 8-legged robot, descend into Mt. Erebrus, Antartica. Its plan was to collect data from the harsh environment as it may similar to the environment on other planets. When it reaches 20 feet, the tether snaps and Dante droops into the crater.
Dante II - 1994: Dante II descends into the crater of Alaskan volcano Mt. Spurr. Its mission was to collect volcanic gas samples an it was considered a success.
- 1996: RoboTuna was created to study the way fish swim
- 1996: Chris Campbell and Stuart Wilkinson turn a brewing accident into inspiration. The result of this is a robot named Gastrobot that digests organ mass to produce carbon dioxide and then is used for power. They called their invention the "flatulence engine"
- 1997: a computer was built by IBm and known as Deep Blue beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov
- 1997: The first node on the International Space Station is placed in orbit
International Space Station - 1997: The Pathfinder Mission lands of Mars. The robotic rover rolls onto Martian soil
- 1998: LEGO releases its first Robotics Inventions System
- 1999: LEGO releases the Robotics Discovery Set
- 1999: Sony releases the first AIBO, a robotic dog that has the ability to learn, entertain, and communicate with its owner
ASIMO Humanoid Robot - 2000: Honda debuts ASIMO, a humanoid robot
- 2000: LEGO releases the MINDSTORMS Robotic Invention System 2.0
- 2001: The FDA clears CyberKnife to treat tumors anywhere in the body
- 2004: Epsom release the smallest known robot, standing 7 centimeters and weighing just 10 grams. This robot is a helicopter signed as a flying camera to be used during natural disasters
- 2005: Cornell University builds the first self-replicating robot
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| Industrial Robots |
Types of Robots:
- Industrial Robots: these robots are used in the manufacturing environment. An example of these robots are articulated arms. They are specially designed for applications such as welding, material handling, painting and other tasks.
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| Robotic Vacuum Cleaner |
- Domestic and Household Robots: these types of robots are basiccally the robots used at home. Some example of these robots include robotic vacuum cleaners, robotic pool cleaners, sweepers, gutter cleaners, and other robots that can do different chores.
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| Surgery Robot |
- Medical Robots: these are robots used in medicine and medical institutions. For example, surgery robots
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| Data Collecting Robot |
- Service Robots: generally, these are robots that do not fall into any other types of usage. Some of these robots include, data gathering robots, robots made to show off technology, robots used for research, etc
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| Transportation Robot |
- Military Robots: military robots include bomb disposal robots, different transportation robots, reconnaissance drones. These robots can also be used in law enforcement
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| Robosapien |
- Entertainment Robots: this is very broad category. These types range from toy robots to running alarm clocks.
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| Mars Rover |
- Space Robots: these are robots used on the International Space Station, robots used in shuttles, and rovers on Mars
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| Robots in a Competition |
- Hobby and Competition Robots: these are robots that you create. They are made for fun or used in competitions.
Robotics Today:
Transitioning from the past to the present, robots have become more complex an have gained more knowledge. Because of this, robots have helped us to learn more and gather more knowledge of things humans would have never been able to do. Robots help to find solutions to everyday problems. Robots have proved to beneficial to people and especially manufactures. In order for people to continue seeing these benefits, a robot equipment maintenance program was implemented. The most common program is preventive maintenance which is designd to eliminate unexpected breakdowns and increase the life span of the robots and machines. The downside of robots is that they require a lot of maintenance.
The Rise of the Robots:
"The robots haven't just landed in the workplace-they're expanding skills, moving up the corporate ladder, showing awesome productivity and retention rates, and increasingly shoving aside their human counterparts." Pretty soon, Robots will outthink humans where they will no longer be needed. For example, there is a machine which can make a hamburger in about 10 seconds. This robot can soon replace an entire McDonalds crew. As time passes, robots and machines become for intelligent, specialized, and sophisticated.
Robotic engineers are designing and creating robots to look, act, and feel more like humans. There are sensors embedded under the skin of the robots to help it react naturally in the environment.
Hod Lipson is an engineering professor at Cornell University. He is one of the world's leading expert on artificial intelligence and robotics. His vision of the future was unthinkable until recently. "Could the rapid advances in automation and digital technology provoke social upheaval by eliminating the livelihoods of many people, even as they produce great wealth for others?" For a long time, it was thought that advancements in robots and technologies have been destryoying jobs but also creating new and better one. Now, it is still destroying jobs but creating a smaller amount of better jobs. Robots are gradually creeping into everything from manufacturing to decision making.
We have always wanted machines to do task for use and make things easier but no one ever thought of that as a bad thing.
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| Do we own the robots or do the robots own us? |
Programing:
Programing is the process of creating a sequence of instructions that tell a computational device,such as a micro controller. The micro controller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input-ouput peripherals.
Robotic programing involves designing the controller that governs robot behavior. Because of the growing complexity of robotics, modeling, stimulation, and programing is becoming crucial to understanding how the controller interacts with the robot's environmental perception and mobility. Doing model situations allow for engineers to refine and eliminate errors before developing the hardware prototypes.
Conclusion:
Robotics is a topic that has many advantages as well as many disadvantages. Over the years, programing and robotics have helped to improve and change the way society thinks as well as live. Over the last century, there was been many new inventions that have helped us for the better and started new eras. For example, when the Soviet Union launched "Sputnik" into space, it was the start of the space race. Robots have many uses and come in many different types. Along with the different types, each robot has a different ability. Each design has a specific use and purpose. Although there are many advantages for robots, there are also disadvantages. Robots are becoming more and more complex causing them to be able to think on their own. Robots are also destroying certain jobs for humans. Certain robots can also become dangerous to humans. Overall, robots have made a huge impact on lives today. They make our lives easier and effect us in so many ways.
Bibliography:
http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html
http://www.livescience.com/29379-intelligent-robots-will-overtake-humans.html
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/medical_robotics/robots_in_beginning.php
http://www.allonrobots.com/types-of-robots.html
https://www.robots.com/articles/viewing/robot-equipment-maintenance
http://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/04/rise-machines-future-lots-robots-jobs-humans/
http://www.futureforall.org/robotics/robotics.htm
http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/538401/who-will-own-the-robots/
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~minerva/press/realprogress/
http://www.vexrobotics.com/vexedr/software/
http://www.mathworks.com/discovery/robot-programming.html?requestedDomain=www.mathworks.com
http://www.philforhumanity.com/Robots.html
http://www.philforhumanity.com/Robots.html
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